Cullet:Iibhotile zeglasi kunye neejagi zenziwe ngezinto ezintathu zendalo: isanti yesilika, imali yesoda kunye nelitye likalika.Izinto eziphathekayo zixutywe ngeglasi ehlaziyiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi "cullet".I-Cullet yeyona nto iphambili kwiibhotile zeglasi kunye nezikhongozeli.Kwihlabathi jikelele, ipakethe yethu yeglasi iqulethe i-avareji ye-38% yeglasi esetyenzisiweyo.Izinto eziluhlaza (isanti ye-quartz, i-soda ash, i-limestone, i-feldspar, njl.) iyatyunyuzwa, izinto ezimanzi ezimanzi kufuneka zomiswe, kunye nezixhobo eziqulethe isinyithi ziphathwa ngokususa isinyithi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weglasi.
Iziko:Umxube webhetshi ukhokelela kwiziko, iziko lifudunyezwa yigesi kunye nombane ukuya malunga ne-1550 degrees celsius ukwenza iglasi etyhidiweyo.Iziko liqhuba iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, kwaye linokwenza amakhulu eetoni zeglasi ngosuku ngalunye.
Umsulungekisi:Xa umxube weglasi enyibilikisiweyo uphuma ezikweni lomlilo, uqukuqela ukuya kwisicoci, esisisitya sokubamba esigqunywe sisithsaba esikhulu sokuqulatha ubushushu.Apha iglasi etyhidiweyo iphola ukuya kutsho malunga ne-1250 degrees celsius kwaye amaqamza omoya avaleleke ngaphakathi ayabaleka.
I-Foreheart:Iglasi etyhidiweyo ke iye ngaphambili, ezisa ubushushu beglasi kwinqanaba elifanayo phambi kokungena kwi-feeder.Ekugqibeleni i-feeder, iishears zisika iglasi etyhidiweyo ibe yi "gobs", kwaye i-gob nganye iya kuba yibhotile yeglasi okanye ijagi.
Umatshini wokwenza:Imveliso yokugqibela iqala ukumila ngaphakathi kumatshini wokwenza njengoko i-gob nganye iwiswa kuluhlu lokubumba.Umoya ocinezelweyo usetyenziselwa ukubumba kunye nokwandisa i-gob kwisitya seglasi.Iglasi iyaqhubeka nokuphola kwinqanaba lenkqubo yokwenziwa, yehla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-700 degrees celsius.
Ukudibanisa:Emva komatshini wokubumba, ibhotile yeglasi nganye okanye ingqayi ihamba ngenyathelo lokuthomalalisa.Ukufakwa kwe-aneal kuyafuneka kuba umphandle wesikhongozeli uphola ngokukhawuleza kunongaphakathi waso.Inkqubo yokufunxa iphinda ifudumale isikhongozeli ize ke ipholiswe kancinci kancinci ukukhulula uxinzelelo nokomeleza iglasi.Izikhongozeli zeglasi zifudunyezwa ukuya kuma 565 degrees celsius kwaye emva koko zipholiswe kancinane ukuya kwi-150 degrees celsius.Emva koko iibhotile zeglasi zentengiso yeengqayi zisiya kwikhowudi yokuphela kwengubo yokwaleka ngaphandle kokugqibela.
Ukuhlola iibhotile zeglasi kunye neejagi:Ibhotile yeglasi nganye kunye nejagi ifakwa kuthotho lokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana nemigangatho ephezulu.Iikhamera ezininzi ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ngaphakathi koomatshini ziskena iibhotile zeglasi ezifikelela kuma-800 ngomzuzu ngamnye.Iikhamera zihlala kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinokubamba iziphene ezincinci.Enye inxalenye yeenkqubo zokuhlola ibandakanya oomatshini abasebenzisa uxinzelelo kwizikhongozeli zeglasi ukuvavanya ubukhulu bodonga, ukomelela kunye nokuba isikhongozelo sitywinwa ngokuchanekileyo.Iingcali nazo ngesandla kunye nokubonwayo ukuhlola iisampuli random ukuqinisekisa umgangatho.
Ukuba ibhotile yeglasi okanye ingqayi yeglasi ayiphumeleli ekuhlolweni, ibuyela kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweglasi njengecullet.Izikhongozeli eziphumelela ukuhlolwa zilungiselelwa ukuthuthwakubenzi bokutya neziselo,abazigcwalisayo emva koko basasaze kwiivenkile ezithengisa ukutya, iivenkile zokutyela, iihotele nezinye iindawo ezithengiswayo ukuze abathengi kunye nabathengi bazonwabele.
Iglasi iphinda isetyenziswe ngokungapheliyo, kwaye isikhongozeli seglasi esisetyenzisiweyo sinokusuka kumgqomo wokurisayikilishwa sigcine ishelufu kangangeentsuku ezingama-30.Ke xa abathengi kunye neeresityu ziphinda zisebenzise iibhotile zeglasi kunye neejagi, iluphu yokwenziwa kweglasi iqala kwakhona.
Ibhotile yeglasi yeyona nto iphambili yokupakisha ukutya, amayeza kunye neshishini lemichiza.Ineenzuzo ezininzi, ayinayo ityhefu, ayinancasa, ukuzinza kwayo kweekhemikhali kulungile, kulula ukutywinwa, ukuxinana komoya okuhle, yinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwaye inokubonwa ukusuka ngaphandle kwepakethi ukuya kwimeko yokwenyani yempahla. .Olu hlobo lokupakishwa luluncedo ekugcinweni kwempahla, lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukugcina, Umphezulu walo ugudileyo, kulula ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye sesona sikhongozeli sokupakisha esifanelekileyo.
Iglasi engenambala kwaphela ibizwa ngokuba yiglasi engenambala.Elingenambala ligama elikhethwayo endaweni yegama elicacileyo.Ukucaca kubhekisela kwixabiso elahlukileyo: ukucaca kweglasi kwaye kungekhona umbala wayo.Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwegama elicacileyo kuya kuba kwibinzana elithi "ibhotile eluhlaza ecacileyo."
Iglasi enemibala yeAquamarine sisiphumo sendalo sentsimbi yendalo efumaneka kwisanti ezininzi, okanye ngokongezwa kwentsimbi kumxube.Ngokunciphisa okanye ukwandisa umlinganiselo weoksijini kwilangatye elisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa isanti, abavelisi banokuvelisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngakumbi okanye umbala oluhlaza ngakumbi.
Iglasi emhlophe e-Opaque iqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yiglasi yobisi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yiOpal okanye iglasi emhlophe.Inokuveliswa ngokongezwa kwe-tin, i-zinc oxide, i-fluorides, i-phosphates okanye i-calcium.
Iglasi eluhlaza inokwenziwa ngokongezwa kwentsimbi, ichromium kunye nobhedu.I-Chromium oxide iya kuvelisa uhlaza olutyheli ukuya kuluhlaza olumeraldi.Ukudityaniswa kwe-cobalt, (blue) exutywe nechromium (eluhlaza) iya kuvelisa iglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iglasi yeamber iveliswa kubumdaka bendalo obukwisanti, obufana nentsimbi kunye nemanganese.Izongezo ezenza iAmber ziquka i-nickel, isulfure, kunye nekhabhoni.
Iglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inezithako ezifana necobalt oxide kunye nobhedu.
Umfusa, i-amethyst kunye nobomvu yimibala yeglasi edla ngokuvela ekusebenziseni i-nickel okanye i-manganese oxides.
Iglasi emnyama idla ngokwenziwa kugxininiso lwentsimbi ephezulu, kodwa inokubandakanya ezinye izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ubhedu olunentsimbi kunye ne magnesia.
Ingaba i-batch imiselwe ukuba ibe yiglasi ecacileyo okanye enemibala, izithako ezidibeneyo ziyaziwa ngokuba ngumxube we-batch kwaye zithunyelwa eziko kwaye zifudunyezwe kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-1565 ° C okanye i-2850 ° F.Yakuba inyibilikile yaza yadityaniswa, iglasi enyibilikisiweyo idlula kwisicoci, apho amaqamza omoya avalelekileyo avunyelwa ukuba abaleke aze aphole abe kwiyunifomu kodwa esakwazi ukwenza ubushushu.I-feeder ke ityhala iglasi yolwelo ngesantya esingaguqukiyo ngokuchaneka kubukhulu obuchanekileyo kwifa elimelana nobushushu.Iibhleyidi zokucheba zisika iglasi etyhidiweyo evelayo ngexesha elichanekileyo ukwenza iisilinda ezinde ezibizwa ngokuba ziigobs.Ezi gobs ziingceba zomntu ngamnye, zilungele ukubunjwa.Bangena kumatshini wokubumba apho, besebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukuze bawandise ukuze bazalise ifa lemilo yokugqibela enqwenelekayo, benziwa kwizikhongozeli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2021